What is Short Circuit Test in Transformer?

What is short circuit test?

The short circuit test in the transformer is used to find the short circuit parameter such as copper losses, equivalent resistance, voltage regulation at full load condition. This test should be conducted at rated current condition.

Why short circuit test to do?

  • To find the equivalent resistance and equivalent reactance of the transformer.
  • To find out the variable losses (copper loss) in the transformer.
  • Voltage regulation of the transformer can be determined by obtaining the data of the short circuit test.

How to Perform Short Circuit test?

Short circuit test is carried out at rated current on high voltage side with L.V side as closed-circuited. It is carried out on H.V side because rated current easily occur on H.V side compared to L.V side.

Short circuit test
Short circuit test

All the instrument such as ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter are connected on H.V side. For 1-6% variation of voltage, the rated current will occur. Wattmeter reads the full load copper loss of the transformer because core losses are very less.

Learn More:   Droop CT - Droop Current Transformer

Short circuit Test formula,

Req=Psc/Isc2

Where,

Psc= copper loss

Isc=short circuit current

cosφsc=Short circuit power factor

Zeq=Vsc/Isc

Xeq=√(Zeq2 – Req2 )

cosφsc=Req/Zeq

Video Explanation for Short Circuit Test:

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