Current Density Calculator:
Enter the values of current, I(A) and cross-sectional area, A(m2) to determine the value of Current density, J(A/m2).
Current Density Formula:
Current density is a measure of the electric current (flow of electric charge) per unit area of cross-section in a material.
It is a crucial parameter in electrical engineering and material science as it impacts the design and performance of electrical devices and systems.
High current density can lead to overheating and damage to materials, while low current density might indicate inefficient use of the conducting material.
In conductors of uniform material and cross-sectional area, the current density is uniformly distributed when the conductor is uniformly subjected to an electric field.
It plays a significant role in ensuring that devices operate within safe and efficient limits and that materials are used effectively according to their electrical and thermal properties.
In semiconductor physics, current density takes on added significance due to the dual nature of carriers: electrons and holes.
Current density is closely related to Joule heating, which is the process by which the passage of current through a conductor releases heat.
Current density, J(A/m2) in ampere per metre square is calculated by dividing the current, I(A) in amperes by cross-sectional area, A(m2) in metre square.
Current density, J(A/m2) = I(A) / A(m2)
J(A/m2) = current density in amperes per metre square, A/m2.
I(A) = current in amperes, A.
A(m2) = area in metre square, m2.
Current Density Calculation:
- Calculate the current density for a conductor with a current of 5 amperes and a cross-sectional area of 2 square millimeters:
Given: I(A) = 5A, A(m2) = 2 * 10-6 m2.
Current density, J(A/m2) = I(A) / A(m2)
J(A/m2) = 5 / 2 * 10-6
J(A/m2) = 2.5 * 106 A/m2.
- Suppose a material has a current density of 1 * 105 A/m2and the cross-sectional area of the material is 0.1 m2. Calculate the current:
Given: A(m2) = 0.1 m2, J(A/m2) = 1 * 105 A/m2.
Current density, J(A/m2) = I(A) / A(m2)
I(A) = J(A/m2) * A(m2)
I(A) = 1 * 105 * 0.1
I(A) = 1 * 104A.